From the Guidelines
For the common cold, a first-generation A/D preparation, such as brompheniramine and sustained-release pseudoephedrine, is the best initial medication, as it can provide significant symptom relief. According to the study 1, this combination can help alleviate symptoms of cough, postnasal drip, and throat clearing. Additionally, naproxen can be administered to help decrease cough in this setting. It's essential to note that newer generation nonsedating antihistamines are ineffective for reducing cough and should not be used 1.
Some key points to consider when managing the common cold include:
- Using over-the-counter medications that target specific symptoms, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and pain, and pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine for nasal congestion
- Avoiding antibiotics, as they are not effective and can lead to adverse effects 1
- Staying hydrated, resting adequately, and considering the use of saline nasal sprays or humidifiers for additional symptom relief
- Being aware of potential interactions with existing treatments or contraindications for certain conditions, and consulting a healthcare provider if necessary
It's also important to recognize that the common cold is a self-limited illness, and most cases resolve within 7-10 days regardless of treatment. However, if symptoms worsen or exceed the expected time of recovery, it's crucial to follow up with a clinician for further evaluation and guidance.
From the Research
Treatment Options for Cold
- Over-the-counter analgesics, zinc, nasal decongestants with or without antihistamines, and ipratropium for cough are effective treatments for cold symptoms in adults 2
- Lower-quality evidence suggests that Lactobacillus casei may be beneficial in older adults 2
- For children, established safe and effective treatments include acetylcysteine, honey (for children one year and older), nasal saline irrigation, intranasal ipratropium, and topical application of ointment containing camphor, menthol, and eucalyptus oils 2
Medications to Avoid
- Over-the-counter cold medications should not be used in children younger than four years 2
- Pseudoephedrine, a drug used to treat symptoms of the common cold and flu, has central nervous system stimulant properties and can be misused as a substitute for amphetamine or methamphetamine 3
Prevention
- Counseling patients about the importance of good hand hygiene is the best way to prevent transmission of cold viruses 2