What precautions are used for Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)?

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Last updated: May 13, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

To prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease, hand hygiene should be performed after using the toilet, changing diapers, before and after preparing food, before eating, after handling garbage or soiled laundry items, and after touching animals or their feces or environments, especially in public settings such as petting zoos (strong, moderate) 1.

Key Precautions

  • Hand hygiene with soap and water, or alcohol-based sanitizers should be followed in the care of people with diarrhea, which can be applicable to hand, foot, and mouth disease as well 1.
  • Infection control measures including use of gloves and gowns should be considered in the care of people with hand, foot, and mouth disease, especially in healthcare settings 1.
  • Appropriate food safety practices are recommended to avoid cross-contamination of other foods or cooking surfaces and utensils during grocery shopping, food preparation, and storage 1.

Additional Measures

  • Ill people with hand, foot, and mouth disease should avoid swimming, water-related activities, and close contact with other people when symptomatic while adhering to meticulous hand hygiene 1.
  • Cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces and soiled items, including toys, can help prevent the spread of the disease.
  • Avoiding close contact with infected individuals, including kissing, hugging, and sharing utensils or cups, can also help prevent the spread of hand, foot, and mouth disease.

From the Research

Precautions for Hand Foot and Mouth Disease

  • The best methods to prevent the spread of hand-foot-and-mouth disease are handwashing and disinfecting potentially contaminated surfaces and fomites 2.
  • Vaccination of susceptible individuals in high-risk areas and good personal hygiene are important preventative measures to combat the disease 3.
  • Hand-washing before meals is a protective factor against HFMD, with an odds ratio of 0.3 (95% CI: 0.13-0.70) 4.
  • Vaccines able to confer protection against the most common aetiologic agents in a given country have been developed, but simultaneous circulation of more than one causative virus and modification of the molecular epidemiology of infectious agents make preparations based on a single agent relatively inadequate 5.

Key Precautions

  • Frequent handwashing with soap and water
  • Disinfecting potentially contaminated surfaces and fomites
  • Vaccination of susceptible individuals in high-risk areas
  • Good personal hygiene
  • Avoiding close contact with individuals who have HFMD

Additional Measures

  • Airing out bedding should be carefully considered, as it may be associated with an increased risk for HFMD (OR = 4.55,95% CI: 1.19-17.37) 4.
  • Intravenous immunoglobulin should be considered for the treatment of severe/complicated hand, foot, and mouth disease 3.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease: Rapid Evidence Review.

American family physician, 2019

Research

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: A Narrative Review.

Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery, 2022

Research

Hand-Washing: The Main Strategy for Avoiding Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease.

International journal of environmental research and public health, 2016

Research

Hand, foot and mouth disease: current knowledge on clinical manifestations, epidemiology, aetiology and prevention.

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2018

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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