From the Research
Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a common viral illness primarily affecting young children, though adults can also contract it, and treatment focuses on symptom management as the disease typically resolves on its own within 7-10 days. The disease is caused by enteroviruses, most commonly Coxsackievirus A16, and is characterized by a painful oral enanthem and asymptomatic exanthem on the palms and soles 1. For fever and pain, use acetaminophen (10-15 mg/kg every 4-6 hours) or ibuprofen (5-10 mg/kg every 6-8 hours) as needed, and stay hydrated by sipping cold fluids and avoiding acidic drinks that may irritate mouth sores. Soft, bland foods are easier to eat with mouth ulcers, and salt water rinses (1/2 teaspoon salt in 1 cup warm water) can help soothe mouth sores.
Key Considerations
- The disease spreads through direct contact with saliva, respiratory droplets, and feces, so practice good hygiene including frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact during the contagious period 2.
- Children should stay home from school or daycare until fever subsides and mouth sores heal.
- While uncomfortable, complications are rare, and most patients recover completely without specific antiviral treatment.
- In severe cases, intravenous immunoglobulin may be considered for treatment, and vaccination of susceptible individuals in high-risk areas is an important preventative measure 1.
Prevention and Management
- Good personal hygiene, including frequent handwashing, is crucial in preventing the spread of the disease.
- Avoiding close contact with individuals who have the disease can also help prevent transmission.
- In terms of management, supportive care, such as hydration and pain relief, is the mainstay of treatment.
- There are currently no specific antiviral agents approved for the treatment of hand, foot, and mouth disease, but research is ongoing to develop effective treatments 3.