Can a patient have two Primary Care Physicians (PCPs)?

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Last updated: May 13, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Having two Primary Care Providers (PCPs) is possible, but it requires careful coordination to avoid fragmented care and ensure comprehensive healthcare. This arrangement might be beneficial in certain situations, such as when you split your time between two geographic locations, need specialized care for specific conditions, or want both a physician and a nurse practitioner or physician assistant on your care team. However, it can lead to challenges including communication gaps between providers, potential medication conflicts, and insurance complications as many plans only designate one provider as primary 1.

To make this arrangement work effectively, it is essential to:

  • Ensure both providers know about each other
  • Facilitate communication between them
  • Maintain complete medical records with both
  • Clearly define each provider's responsibilities
  • Verify your insurance coverage allows for multiple PCPs

The American College of Physicians strongly advocates for the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model, which aims to centralize care across the health system for all of a patient's health care needs, including preventive, acute, and chronic care services 1. This model may be especially promising for patients with complex needs, who often receive care from multiple health care professionals in different settings.

In terms of access to care, the PCMH model strives to deliver accessible, integrated, and coordinated care for patients, which may be compromised when having multiple PCPs 1. Therefore, it is crucial to weigh the benefits and challenges of having two PCPs and ensure that the arrangement prioritizes the patient's overall healthcare needs and well-being.

From the Research

Having Two PCPs

  • It is possible for a patient to have two primary care physicians (PCPs) as provider comanagement of the same patient has emerged in practice 2.
  • Provider comanagement is defined as two or more PCPs sharing care management responsibilities for the same patient, and it has been reported to increase adherence to recommended care guidelines, improve quality of care, and increase patient access to care 2.
  • Effective communication, mutual respect and trust, and a shared philosophy of care are essential attributes of NP-physician comanagement, which can be beneficial for patients who require care from multiple PCPs 2.

Benefits and Challenges

  • Having two PCPs can be beneficial for patients, especially those who require specialized care or have complex medical conditions, as it allows for a more comprehensive approach to their care 2.
  • However, having two PCPs can also pose challenges, such as coordinating care and ensuring that both PCPs are aware of the patient's medical history and treatment plans 3.
  • Insurance-related issues can also be a challenge for patients who have two PCPs, as they may need to navigate different insurance plans and coverage 3.

Primary Care Workforce

  • The primary care workforce is facing challenges, including a shortage of PCPs, which can make it difficult for patients to access care from a single PCP, let alone two 4, 5.
  • Advanced practice nurses can augment the services of primary care physicians, but they cannot substitute for them, highlighting the need for a comprehensive approach to primary care 5.
  • Efforts to promote effective NP-physician comanagement and address primary care workforce shortages are necessary to ensure that patients receive high-quality care 2, 4, 5.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Nurse Practitioner-Physician Comanagement of Patients in Primary Care.

Policy, politics & nursing practice, 2018

Research

When do older patients change primary care physicians?

The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 2004

Research

Dual-eligible beneficiaries and inadequate access to primary care.

The American journal of managed care, 2021

Research

Primary Care in the United States: Past, Present and Future.

The American journal of medicine, 2024

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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