Differential Diagnosis for Asymptomatic Lymphocytosis with Painless Lymphadenopathy
- Single most likely diagnosis:
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): This is a common cause of asymptomatic lymphocytosis and painless lymphadenopathy, especially in older adults. CLL is characterized by the accumulation of mature lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid organs.
- Other Likely diagnoses:
- Mononucleosis: Caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), this condition can present with lymphocytosis and lymphadenopathy, although it is often accompanied by other symptoms such as fever and sore throat.
- Toxoplasmosis: A parasitic infection that can cause lymphadenopathy, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
- Tuberculosis: Although often associated with systemic symptoms, tuberculosis can cause asymptomatic lymphadenopathy, especially in its early stages.
- Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed):
- Lymphoma: Both Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma can present with painless lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.
- HIV infection: Asymptomatic HIV infection can cause lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis. Missing this diagnosis can lead to delayed treatment and progression to AIDS.
- Rare diagnoses:
- Castleman disease: A rare disorder characterized by lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis, often accompanied by systemic symptoms.
- Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease: A rare, self-limiting condition that causes lymphadenopathy, typically in young women.
- Sarcoidosis: Although primarily a pulmonary disease, sarcoidosis can cause lymphadenopathy and lymphocytosis in some cases.