From the Guidelines
Low vitamin B2 levels should be addressed with a daily supplement of 5-10 mg of riboflavin orally in case of deficiency, as recommended by the most recent guideline 1. This dose is considered safe and effective for adults, and it is essential to start supplementation as soon as possible to prevent further complications.
Key Points to Consider
- Riboflavin deficiency can manifest with oral-buccal lesions, seborrheic dermatitis, and ocular symptoms, as well as normochromic, normocytic anemia and marrow aplasia 1.
- Patients at risk of deficiency include those with malabsorption, thyroid dysfunction, diabetes, renal disease, alcoholism, and pregnancy, lactation, and the elderly 1.
- Foods rich in riboflavin, such as dairy products, eggs, lean meats, green leafy vegetables, and fortified cereals, can also help alleviate deficiency symptoms.
- It is crucial to take supplements with food to improve absorption and avoid taking with alcohol, as this can reduce absorption.
- Most people respond well to supplementation within a few weeks, but it is essential to continue until healthcare provider confirms levels have normalized.
Additional Considerations
- Additional amounts of riboflavin can be given in cases of suspected or proven clinical deficiency, patients at risk of deficiency, and patients with deficiencies of other group-B vitamins 1.
- Riboflavin is essential for energy production, cell function, and metabolism of fats, drugs, and steroids, making it a critical nutrient to replenish in cases of deficiency.
From the Research
Low B2 Levels
- Low levels of riboflavin (vitamin B2) can lead to various health issues, including anemia, cancer, and cardiovascular disease 2
- Riboflavin deficiency can interfere with iron handling and contribute to the etiology of anemia when iron intakes are low 2
- It can also reduce the metabolism of other B vitamins, notably folate and vitamin B-6, which can have further negative effects on health 2
Dietary Sources of Riboflavin
- Milk and dairy products are the greatest contributors to riboflavin intake in Western diets 2
- Meat and fish are also good sources of riboflavin, and certain fruit and vegetables, especially dark-green vegetables, contain reasonably high concentrations 2
Health Risks Associated with Low B2 Levels
- Poor riboflavin status has been implicated as a risk factor for cancer, although this has not been satisfactorily established in humans 2
- Low levels of riboflavin may also play a role in determining circulating concentrations of homocysteine, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease 2
- Additionally, riboflavin deficiency may exert some of its effects by reducing the metabolism of other B vitamins, which can have further negative effects on health 2