From the Guidelines
For suspected rabies exposure, call the local health department immediately, as the number may vary by location, but in the case of international importation, the Division of Quarantine, CDC, can be reached at (404) 639-8107 1. When dealing with a potential rabies exposure, it is crucial to act swiftly to prevent the disease, which is almost always fatal once symptoms appear 1. The key steps after an animal attack where rabies is suspected include:
- Calling the local health department right away to report the incident
- Being prepared to provide detailed information about the attack, the animal involved, and the exposure
- Notifying local animal control if the animal is still at large, so it can be captured for testing if possible
- Seeking medical attention promptly, as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is highly effective in preventing rabies if administered in time 1. It's also important to note that the management of animals that bite humans, as outlined in the guidelines, includes confinement and observation for dogs, cats, and ferrets, with immediate euthanasia and testing recommended for stray or unwanted animals that bite, and for animals showing signs suggestive of rabies 1. Given the severity of rabies and its high mortality rate if not treated promptly, immediate action is essential in the event of a suspected exposure.
From the Research
Contact Information for Health Department
- The provided studies do not include a specific phone number for the health department to call after an animal attack with rabies suspicion 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Rabies
- PEP consists of washing the wound with water and soap, assessing the need for rabies biologicals, administering rabies immunoglobulin or monoclonal antibodies, starting the WHO-recommended intradermal 1-week vaccination regimen, and informing patients adequately throughout the PEP process 2.
- The 1-week, 2-site ID PEP schedule is considered safe, immunogenic, and cost-effective 3.
Importance of Timely Medical Attention
- Rabies is a fatal disease that can be prevented through timely and adequate post-exposure prophylaxis 3, 6.
- It is essential to seek medical attention immediately after an animal attack with rabies suspicion to increase the chances of successful treatment 2, 5, 6.
Availability of Resources
- The studies suggest that access to adequately-delivered PEP remains challenging, and there is a need for clear doctor-patient communication and sharing of up-to-date knowledge among healthcare professionals 2, 5.
- The availability of rabies immune globulin and vaccines can be limited in some areas, highlighting the need for effective distribution and administration of these resources 5, 6.