From the Guidelines
Abdominal cramps during sexual intercourse can be a symptom of an underlying infection, such as chlamydia, which may cause lower abdominal pain due to the ascension of the infection to the endometrium and fallopian tubes 1. When evaluating abdominal cramps during sexual intercourse, it is essential to consider various potential causes, including normal uterine contractions, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian cysts, fibroids, or infections.
- The cramps may result from muscle contractions in the uterus and surrounding structures, particularly during orgasm when prostaglandins are released.
- Underlying conditions like chlamydia, which can cause symptoms such as vaginal discharge, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain, should be considered, especially if the cramps are accompanied by other symptoms like bleeding, fever, or unusual discharge 1.
- For occasional mild cramping, over-the-counter pain relievers like ibuprofen (200-400mg) taken 30-60 minutes before intercourse may help, along with changing sexual positions to reduce deep penetration, using more lubrication, or trying relaxation techniques before sex.
- However, if the cramps are severe, persistent, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly to rule out more serious conditions requiring specific treatment, such as pelvic inflammatory disease or other infections 1.
From the Research
Abdominal Cramps During Sexual Intercourse
Abdominal cramps during sexual intercourse can be a symptom of various underlying conditions. Some possible causes include:
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) 2
- Endometriosis 2, 3, 4
- Ovarian cysts 2
- Ectopic pregnancy 2
- Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) 3
Evaluation and Diagnosis
The evaluation of abdominal cramps during sexual intercourse typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests.
- A pregnancy test is usually recommended for women of reproductive age 2
- Ultrasonography or computed tomography (CT) may be used to help diagnose the underlying cause of the symptoms 2, 5
- In some cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to further evaluate the symptoms 2
- A thorough history and physical examination can help identify potential causes of the symptoms and guide further testing 3, 6
Chronic Pelvic Pain
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common condition that can cause abdominal cramps during sexual intercourse.
- CPP can be caused by a variety of factors, including musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction, traumatic experiences, and distress 3
- The evaluation and management of CPP typically involve a multidisciplinary approach, including medical, psychological, and physical therapy interventions 3
- Patient involvement and shared decision-making are important components of the evaluation and management process 3