From the FDA Drug Label
Vitamin B12 deficiencies due to malabsorption which may be associated with the following conditions: Addisonian (pernicious) anemia The Vitamin B12 deficiency name is also known as Addisonian (pernicious) anemia 1, 2, and 2.
- The condition is associated with malabsorption due to various factors, including gastrointestinal pathology or surgery.
- Pernicious anemia is a specific type of Vitamin B12 deficiency that requires long-term administration of Vitamin B12.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency can also be caused by other factors, such as folic acid deficiency, fish tapeworm infestation, or malignancy of the pancreas or bowel.
From the Research
Vitamin B12 deficiency is medically known as cobalamin deficiency, a condition that occurs when the body doesn't have enough vitamin B12, an essential nutrient needed for proper red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. This condition can lead to various health problems, including megaloblastic anemia, neurological issues, and other clinical manifestations 3. The causes of vitamin B12 deficiency are diverse, ranging from malabsorption and defects in cellular delivery and uptake to limited dietary intake 3.
Key Points to Consider
- The diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency rests on clinical suspicion followed by laboratory testing, which consists of a panel of tests that together provide clinically reliable predictive indices 3.
- Treatment typically involves vitamin B12 supplementation, with options including oral supplements (typically 1,000-2,000 mcg daily), nasal sprays, or injections (commonly 1,000 mcg hydroxocobalamin or cyanocobalamin) 4.
- For severe deficiency, doctors often prescribe injections initially (1,000 mcg every other day for 1-2 weeks), followed by monthly maintenance injections 4.
- The treatment approach depends on the cause and severity of the deficiency, with those having absorption issues possibly requiring lifelong injections 4.
Important Considerations for Patient Care
- Vitamin B12 deficiency can have dire consequences, usually neurological, if left untreated 5.
- The body needs vitamin B12 to produce healthy red blood cells and maintain proper nervous system function, which is why deficiency can lead to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, neurological problems, and megaloblastic anemia if left untreated 3.
- Screening for vitamin B12 deficiency may be warranted in patients with one or more risk factors, such as gastric or small intestine resections, inflammatory bowel disease, or use of certain medications 4.
Given the potential severity of vitamin B12 deficiency and its impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications 3.