From the Guidelines
The coracoid tubercle is not explicitly defined in the provided evidence, but based on anatomical knowledge, it can be inferred as a bony prominence on the coracoid process, which is relevant in the context of shoulder anatomy and rotator cuff tendinopathy. In the context of rotator cuff tendinopathy, the coracoacromial arch, which includes the coracoid process, plays a crucial role in the impingement of the supraspinatus tendon 1. The supraspinatus complex occupies a narrow space, with light contact between the supraspinatus and the coracoacromial arch during normal abduction. Repeated impingement of the coracoacromial arch onto the supraspinatus tendon has been implicated as the likely mechanism of tendon injury. Some key points to consider in this context include:
- The coracoid process is a small hook-like structure that serves as the attachment point for muscles such as the pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, and short head of the biceps brachii.
- The coracoacromial arch is formed by the coracoid process, the acromion, and the coracoacromial ligament, which together provide a protective roof for the rotator cuff tendons.
- Impingement of the supraspinatus tendon under the coracoacromial arch can lead to rotator cuff tendinopathy, characterized by pain, weakness, and limited range of motion in the shoulder joint. Given the importance of the coracoid process and the coracoacromial arch in shoulder anatomy and function, accurate identification and understanding of these structures are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of rotator cuff tendinopathy.
From the Research
Definition and Anatomy of Coracoid Process
- The coracoid process is a small hook-shaped feature on the scapula and a key structure of the superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) 2.
- It is a hook-shaped bone structure projecting anterolaterally from the superior aspect of the scapular neck 3.
- The coracoid process serves as a critical anchor for many tendinous and ligamentous attachments, including the tendons of the pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis, and short head of the biceps brachii muscles, and the coracoclavicular, coracohumeral, coracoacromial, and transverse scapular ligaments 3.
Location and Relation to Other Structures
- The coracoid process is in close proximity to major neurovascular structures, including the brachial plexus and the axillary artery and vein 4, 3.
- It is involved in many surgical procedures on the glenohumeral joint and forms an important part of the scapular-glenoid construct 5.
Clinical Significance
- Fractures of the coracoid process are rare, but can be easily overlooked on routine shoulder radiographs, and are at high risk for nonunion if left undiagnosed 4.
- The coracoid process is linked to numerous shoulder pathologic conditions, including subcoracoid impingement, coracoacromial arch and subacromial impingement, and coracoid tumors 3.