From the Research
Anemia occurs in approximately 85% of patients with infective endocarditis, with 56.1% having mild anemia and 29% having moderate to severe anemia, as reported in a recent study published in the Heart journal in 2022 1. The incidence of anemia in endocarditis is a significant concern, as it is associated with higher mortality rates, particularly in patients with moderate to severe anemia.
- The study found that mortality rates in patients with no anemia, mild anemia, and moderate to severe anemia were 2.7%, 3.6%, and 15.3% at 6-month follow-up, respectively 1.
- The mechanisms contributing to anemia in endocarditis include chronic inflammation, hemolysis, microbleeds, and blood loss from procedures or anticoagulation, as well as immune-mediated hemolysis or bone marrow suppression from the infection itself.
- Management of anemia in endocarditis typically focuses on treating the underlying infection with appropriate antibiotics, as the anemia usually improves once the endocarditis is effectively treated.
- It is essential to note that the severity of anemia often correlates with the duration and severity of the infection, with more profound anemia seen in subacute presentations where diagnosis may be delayed.
- Further investigations are warranted to determine whether intensified treatment of anemia in patients with infective endocarditis might improve outcomes, as suggested by the study published in the Heart journal in 2022 1.