From the Research
High neutrophils and low lymphocytes, a condition known as neutrophilia with lymphopenia, often indicates an acute inflammatory response or infection in the body, and it is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider promptly to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment. This blood count pattern typically occurs when the immune system is responding to bacterial infections, acute stress, inflammation, or certain medications. The body naturally increases neutrophil production during infection while lymphocytes may temporarily decrease as they move from the bloodstream to infected tissues [ 1 ].
Some common causes of this condition include:
- Bacterial infections (like pneumonia or urinary tract infections)
- Physical or emotional stress
- Corticosteroid use
- More serious conditions like sepsis In some cases, this pattern resolves on its own once the underlying condition is treated. However, persistent abnormal counts warrant medical evaluation to rule out chronic conditions or malignancies [ 2 ].
It is essential to note that neutrophils play a crucial role in the innate immune system, and their activation can contribute to tissue damage and autoimmune diseases if not properly regulated [ 1 ]. Additionally, certain medications, such as ceftriaxone, can cause a reduction in neutrophil count, which can be predicted by routine baseline blood indices [ 3 ].
The most recent study on neutropenia and antibiotics suggests that prophylactic antibiotics are associated with risks and have limited mortality benefit, and early de-escalation or discontinuation of antibiotics may be safe in many patients [ 4 ]. Therefore, it is vital to work with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment and to monitor the condition closely to prevent any potential complications.