Does exposure to Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)/Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from using firefighter foam cause chronic bronchitis?

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Last updated: May 22, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Research

Exposure to AFFF/PFAS from using firefighter foam has not been definitively established as a cause of chronic bronchitis, although some studies suggest potential respiratory effects from PFAS exposure. Current scientific evidence does not conclusively prove that firefighter foam exposure directly causes chronic bronchitis, though some research suggests potential respiratory effects from PFAS exposure 1, 2. Firefighters exposed to AFFF may experience respiratory symptoms due to multiple factors including smoke, particulates, and chemicals encountered during firefighting activities. PFAS compounds are concerning because they persist in the body and environment for long periods, and some studies have associated them with immune system effects and other health concerns.

Some key points to consider:

  • Firefighters have been found to have elevated serum levels of long-chain PFASs, which can persist in the body and environment for long periods 1.
  • Possible sources of occupational exposure to PFAS include turnout gear, aqueous film-forming foam, and air and dust at both the fire scene and fire station 2.
  • Studies on firefighters' cancer suggest that firefighters have a higher cancer risk compared to the general population, and increased exposure to PFAS as an occupational hazard could be a potential cancer risk for firefighters 2.
  • Elevated levels of PFOS and PFHxS have been observed in firefighters' blood serum, with the highest levels being one order of magnitude higher compared to the general population in Australia and Canada 3.

If you've been exposed to AFFF and are experiencing persistent cough, mucus production, or breathing difficulties, you should consult a healthcare provider, mentioning your occupational exposure history. Medical evaluation typically includes pulmonary function tests, chest imaging, and assessment of other potential causes. While research continues on PFAS health effects, firefighters should follow safety protocols, use appropriate personal protective equipment, and participate in regular health monitoring programs.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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