What causes gingival (gum) swelling?

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Differential Diagnosis for Gum Swelling

  • Single Most Likely Diagnosis
    • Gingivitis: This is the most common cause of gum swelling, often due to poor oral hygiene, leading to plaque buildup and inflammation of the gums.
  • Other Likely Diagnoses
    • Periodontitis: A more advanced stage of gum disease that can cause swelling, pain, and potential tooth loss if left untreated.
    • Dental Abscess: A localized infection that can cause swelling, pain, and pus formation in the gums.
    • Poorly Fitting Dentures: Ill-fitting dentures can cause irritation and swelling of the gums.
    • Mouth Breathing: Chronic mouth breathing can lead to dry mouth, increasing the risk of gum swelling and other oral health issues.
  • Do Not Miss Diagnoses
    • Oral Cancer: Although rare, gum swelling can be a symptom of oral cancer, making it crucial to rule out this potentially life-threatening condition.
    • Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG): A rare but serious condition characterized by severe gum inflammation, pain, and tissue destruction.
    • Sjögren's Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause dry mouth and gum swelling, among other symptoms.
  • Rare Diagnoses
    • Scurvy: A condition caused by vitamin C deficiency, which can lead to gum swelling and other oral health issues.
    • Leukemia: Certain types of leukemia can cause gum swelling due to infiltration of malignant cells into the gums.
    • Wegener's Granulomatosis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause gum swelling, among other symptoms, due to inflammation of blood vessels.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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