Are Molluscum contagiosum and genital warts (Human Papillomavirus, HPV) the same condition?

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Last updated: May 23, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

No, molluscum contagiosum and genital warts are not the same condition, as they are caused by different viruses and have distinct clinical presentations. Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), which produces small, flesh-colored or pearly dome-shaped bumps with a central dimple 1. On the other hand, genital warts are caused by certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), particularly types 6 and 11, and appear as flesh-colored, cauliflower-like growths on the genital area 1.

Key differences between molluscum contagiosum and genital warts

  • Cause: Molluscum contagiosum is caused by MCV, while genital warts are caused by HPV
  • Appearance: Molluscum contagiosum appears as small, dome-shaped bumps, while genital warts appear as cauliflower-like growths
  • Treatment: Molluscum contagiosum is typically treated with cryotherapy, curettage, or topical medications, while genital warts are treated with similar methods, as well as prescription creams like imiquimod, sinecatechins, or podofilox

Transmission and prevention

Both conditions can be sexually transmitted and may appear in the genital region, and protection should be used during sexual activity to prevent transmission 1. It is essential to note that while both conditions are contagious through skin-to-skin contact, the risk of transmission can be reduced by using protection and avoiding contact with infected areas.

Treatment options

Treatment options for molluscum contagiosum include incision and curettage, simple excision, excision and cautery, and cryotherapy 1. For genital warts, treatment options include cryotherapy, podophyllin, and prescription creams like imiquimod, sinecatechins, or podofilox 1.

Importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment

Accurate diagnosis and treatment of both conditions are crucial to prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment, as well as to discuss ways to prevent transmission and reduce the risk of complications.

From the Research

Definition and Causes

  • Molluscum contagiosum is a skin infection caused by a molluscipox virus gene of the poxvirus family 2.
  • It usually occurs in young children, sexually active adults, and immunocompromised individuals 2.
  • Genital warts, on the other hand, are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and are considered a sexually transmitted infection 3, 4.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • The typical clinical picture of molluscum contagiosum is characterized by asymptomatic flesh-colored, single or multiple papules, measuring 2-6 mm in diameter with a central umbilication that occur on the skin and the mucous membranes 2.
  • Genital warts are usually diagnosed based on their appearance, but may also be diagnosed using a biopsy or other tests 3, 4.

Treatment and Management

  • Molluscum contagiosum is generally regarded as a self-limited disease, but treatment is usually advisable considering its potentially protracted course and the risk of superinfection, scarring, autoinoculation, and transmission to other members of the community 2.
  • Imiquimod is a topically applicable Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7/8 agonist that has been used to treat molluscum contagiosum and genital warts 2, 4.
  • Other treatments for molluscum contagiosum include ablative regimens, topical or systemic pharmacologic agents, and expressing lesions 2, 5.
  • Genital warts can be treated with topical imiquimod, podophyllotoxin, or other treatments, including cryotherapy and surgical removal 3, 4.

Comparison of Molluscum Contagiosum and Genital Warts

  • While both conditions are skin infections, they are caused by different viruses and have different symptoms and treatments 2, 3, 4.
  • Molluscum contagiosum is typically a self-limited disease, while genital warts are considered a sexually transmitted infection 2, 3.
  • Both conditions can be treated with imiquimod, but the effectiveness of this treatment may vary depending on the specific condition and individual patient 2, 4, 5.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Genital warts and molluscum contagiosum.

The Urologic clinics of North America, 1984

Research

Interventions for cutaneous molluscum contagiosum.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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