What is the most likely underlying cause of a 77-year-old man's symptoms of progressive memory loss, irritability, paranoia, and tremor, with a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and major depressive disorder, and an Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showing mild generalized atrophy?

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Differential Diagnosis

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • B) Death of substantia nigra neurons: This is the most likely diagnosis given the patient's symptoms of tremor, memory lapses, and behavioral changes. The presence of a fine tremor in the upper extremities and the patient's attempt to alleviate it with alcohol suggest Parkinson's disease, which is characterized by the death of substantia nigra neurons.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • A) Amyloid plaques: The patient's memory lapses and mild generalized atrophy on MRI suggest possible early-stage Alzheimer's disease, which is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques.
    • E) Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency: The patient's symptoms of irritability, paranoia, and memory lapses could be related to a vitamin B12 deficiency, which is a known cause of dementia and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • D) Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency: Although less likely, a thiamine deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) could present with similar symptoms, including memory lapses and tremors. This condition is medical emergency that requires prompt treatment.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • C) Degeneration of lateral horn cells: This is a rare condition that affects the spinal cord and is not directly related to the patient's symptoms. It is unlikely to be the underlying cause of this patient's presentation.

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This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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