From the Research
The incidence of newborn clavicle fractures is approximately 0.43% of all live births, as reported in the most recent study from 2021 1. This condition is one of the most common birth injuries, and it typically occurs during difficult vaginal deliveries, particularly with larger babies, shoulder dystocia, or when significant traction is applied during delivery. Some key points to consider include:
- Risk factors for clavicle fractures in newborns include macrosomia (birth weight over 4000g), maternal diabetes, prolonged labor, and instrumental deliveries using forceps or vacuum extraction.
- Most clavicle fractures in newborns are diagnosed incidentally during routine physical examination, when healthcare providers notice decreased movement of the affected arm, crepitus over the clavicle, or asymmetry of the Moro reflex.
- The vast majority of these fractures are non-displaced and heal completely without intervention within 7-10 days, forming a callus that may be visible or palpable for several months.
- Treatment is typically conservative, involving gentle handling of the infant and positioning to minimize discomfort.
- Parents should be reassured about the excellent prognosis, as these fractures rarely cause long-term complications or functional limitations, as supported by the study from 2021 1 and other previous studies 2, 3, 4, 5.
In terms of specific risk factors, the study from 2021 1 found that spontaneous vaginal delivery, prolonged second stage, vertex presentation, vitamin D deficiency in mothers, birthweight, and macrosomia were all significant risk factors for clavicle fractures in newborns. Additionally, the study from 2015 5 found that vacuum delivery and birthweight were significant risk factors for clavicle fractures. It is essential to note that while these risk factors can increase the likelihood of a clavicle fracture, the overall prognosis for newborns with this condition is excellent, and most fractures heal without any long-term complications.