Is there a genetic component to Samter's triad (Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, AERD)?

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Last updated: May 24, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

There is no clear genetic element to Samter's Triad established in the provided evidence. The condition, also known as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), is characterized by the presence of asthma, nasal polyps, and sensitivity to aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that inhibit the COX-1 enzyme 1. According to the 2022 practice parameter update on drug allergy, AERD onset is often reported following an upper respiratory infection, with the development of perennial rhinitis, sinonasal polyposis, and progression to asthma 1.

  • Key features of AERD include:
    • Refractory rhinosinusitis and asthma
    • Frequent or chronic administration of systemic corticosteroids
    • Repeated sinus surgery
  • The provided evidence does not discuss a specific genetic component to Samter's Triad, instead focusing on the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of AERD 1.
  • It is essential to note that the lack of discussion on genetic elements in the provided evidence does not necessarily imply the absence of a genetic component, but rather that it is not addressed in this specific study 1.
  • Further research would be necessary to determine the potential genetic factors contributing to Samter's Triad.

From the Research

Genetic Element of Samter's Triad

  • The genetic element of Samter's triad is not fully understood, but some studies suggest that a hereditary factor may be important in some patients 2.
  • There is no clear evidence of a specific genetic mutation that causes Samter's triad, but research is ongoing to better understand the pathogenesis and genetic background of the disease 3.
  • Samter's triad is thought to be an acquired condition, possibly secondary to a viral infection, but a genetic predisposition may play a role in some cases 2.

Current Understanding of Samter's Triad

  • Samter's triad, also known as aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), is a syndrome characterized by bronchial asthma, nasal polyps, and aspirin intolerance 4, 3, 5.
  • The condition is inflammatory in nature and is thought to be related to an abnormal response to aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 4, 5.
  • The diagnosis of Samter's triad is typically based on a combination of clinical history, physical examination, and diagnostic testing, including aspirin challenge tests 2.

Research and Clinical Practice

  • Research on Samter's triad is ongoing, with a focus on understanding the pathogenesis and genetic background of the disease, as well as developing effective treatment strategies 3, 5.
  • Clinical practice guidelines for the management of Samter's triad emphasize the importance of avoiding aspirin and other NSAIDs, as well as the use of medications such as bronchodilators and corticosteroids to control symptoms 4, 2, 5.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Samter's Triad: State of the Art.

Clinical and experimental otorhinolaryngology, 2018

Research

Samter's Triad to Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease: Historical Perspective and Current Clinical Practice.

ORL-head and neck nursing : official journal of the Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head-Neck Nurses, 2015

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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