From the Research
To locate the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve using ultrasound, position the patient supine and place a high-frequency linear transducer (12-18 MHz) at the inguinal region, just lateral to the pubic tubercle, as this approach has been supported by recent anatomical studies 1.
Key Steps for Localization
- First, identify the spermatic cord in males or round ligament in females as they exit the external inguinal ring.
- The genital branch typically runs anteromedial to the spermatic cord within the inguinal canal.
- Follow the nerve proximally as it courses along the external iliac artery before joining the femoral branch.
- Use color Doppler to identify adjacent vessels for orientation.
- Optimize visualization by using tissue harmonic imaging, compound imaging, and adjusting the focal zone to the depth of interest.
Characteristics of the Genital Branch
- The nerve appears as a small, hyperechoic oval or round structure, measuring approximately 1-2 mm in diameter.
- Gentle pressure with the probe helps compress surrounding vessels and improves nerve visibility.
- This technique requires patience and experience due to the nerve's small size.
Importance of Accurate Identification
- Accurate identification is important for diagnostic purposes in patients with inguinal pain or before performing nerve blocks for procedures such as hernia repair, orchiopexy, or treatment of chronic groin pain, as highlighted in studies on genitofemoral neuralgia 2, 3.
- Understanding the anatomy and variations of the genitofemoral nerve, as discussed in recent studies 1, can aid in precise localization and treatment planning.