From the Guidelines
Amphetamine-based ADHD medications do not directly cause hyperandrogenism, but they may potentially exacerbate symptoms in individuals predisposed to hormonal imbalances. Common amphetamine-based ADHD medications include:
- Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts)
- Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine)
- Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine) Typical dosages range from 5-30 mg daily for Adderall, 20-70 mg for Vyvanse, and 5-40 mg for Dexedrine, adjusted based on individual response and tolerability, as noted in the clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents 1. While these medications don't directly increase androgen levels, they can:
- Increase cortisol levels, which may indirectly affect hormone balance
- Cause weight loss, potentially altering hormone metabolism
- Disrupt sleep patterns, which can impact overall endocrine function Patients with concerns about hyperandrogenism should:
- Monitor for symptoms like acne, excess body hair, or menstrual irregularities
- Discuss concerns with their prescribing physician
- Consider hormonal testing if symptoms persist or worsen
- Explore non-stimulant ADHD treatments if necessary, such as atomoxetine, extended-release guanfacine, and extended-release clonidine, which have demonstrated efficacy in reducing core symptoms of ADHD, although with a smaller effect size compared to stimulant medications 1. The relationship between amphetamines and hormones is complex and individualized, and being aware of potential interactions allows for proactive management and adjustment of treatment if needed, as emphasized in the clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents 1.
From the Research
Amphetamine-Based Medications and Hyperandrogenism
- There is no direct evidence in the provided studies to suggest that amphetamine-based medications for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) contribute to hyperandrogenism 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- The studies primarily focus on the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of amphetamine-based medications for ADHD, without mentioning hyperandrogenism as a potential side effect or outcome 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
- The available evidence discusses the pharmacological treatments for ADHD, including stimulant and non-stimulant medications, and their effects on ADHD symptoms, cardiovascular problems, and pharmacokinetics, but does not address hyperandrogenism 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
Related Findings
- Amphetamine-based medications have been shown to be effective in reducing the severity of ADHD symptoms in adults, but are associated with an increased proportion of patients who withdraw due to adverse events 3.
- The risk of serious cardiovascular problems with medications for ADHD, including amphetamine derivatives, is considered to be extremely low, and the benefits of treating individual patients with ADHD outweigh the risks 4.
- Pharmacogenetic factors can impact the pharmacokinetics of ADHD medications, including amphetamine-based medications, and may aid clinicians and patients in choosing medications and doses 6.