Can patients self-insert a pessary (intrauterine device)?

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Last updated: May 27, 2025View editorial policy

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From the Guidelines

Patients can self-insert a pessary, but it is crucial to assess individual suitability and provide proper training from a healthcare provider. The decision to self-insert a pessary should be based on the patient's manual dexterity, vision, and comfort with their anatomy 1.

Key Considerations for Self-Insertion

  • Patients should have good manual dexterity to handle the pessary correctly
  • Adequate vision is necessary to ensure proper insertion and removal
  • Comfort with their anatomy is essential for successful self-insertion
  • Initial fitting and training should always be provided by a healthcare professional to ensure the correct size and type of pessary is selected

Process of Self-Insertion

  • Wash hands thoroughly before handling the pessary
  • Apply a water-based lubricant to the pessary for easier insertion
  • Fold the pessary appropriately, depending on its type
  • Insert the pessary into the vagina while in a comfortable position, such as squatting or with one leg elevated

Importance of Follow-Up

Regular follow-up appointments with a healthcare provider are necessary to check for potential complications, such as vaginal irritation, erosion, or infection 1.

Limitations and Special Considerations

Some patients, including those with limited mobility, arthritis in their hands, or cognitive impairments, may find self-management of a pessary challenging and should continue to have their pessary cared for by healthcare providers. Certain types of pessaries, like Gellhorn or donut pessaries, are more complex and may require professional assistance for insertion and removal.

From the Research

Pessary Self-Insertion by Patients

  • Patients can be taught to manage and insert pessaries themselves with proper training and understanding of pessary management 2.
  • Most patients can be successfully fitted and taught to manage the pessary either for short- or long-term relief of symptoms 2.
  • However, insertion and removal of most pessary types still pose a challenge for many patients 3.
  • Only a small number of patients were able to maintain the pessary by themselves, with most requiring assistance 4.
  • Home health and long-term care nurses are frequently asked to periodically remove and insert pessaries, indicating that not all patients are able to self-insert 5.

Factors Affecting Pessary Fitting and Self-Insertion

  • Stage IV prolapse, posterior compartment prolapse, genital hiatus, and vaginal introitus were independent predictors of unsuccessful ring with support pessary fitting 6.
  • Vaginal length and history of POP reconstructive surgery were independent predictors of both ring with support and Gellhorn pessary fitting 6.
  • These factors may affect a patient's ability to self-insert a pessary, highlighting the need for individualized assessment and management 6.

Pessary Management and Patient Education

  • Proper fit and patient education regarding pessary care are essential for effectiveness 2, 5.
  • Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients on pessary management, including insertion, removal, and care 5.
  • Patient satisfaction is high when pessary management is properly taught and supported 2.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Pessary use and management for pelvic organ prolapse.

Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America, 2009

Research

Pessary use in pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence.

Reviews in obstetrics & gynecology, 2010

Research

Pessary placement and management.

Ostomy/wound management, 2000

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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