What is the diagnosis for a 68-year-old male, status post (s/p) liver transplant 7 years ago, with a history of diabetes, presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a low-grade fever, who is unable to tolerate oral intake?

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Differential Diagnosis for 68-year-old Male Post-Liver Transplant

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

  • Gastroenteritis: This is a common condition that can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever, especially in immunocompromised patients like those post-liver transplant. The patient's symptoms of not being able to keep food down and having a low-grade fever support this diagnosis.

Other Likely Diagnoses

  • Medication-induced gastrointestinal symptoms: The patient is likely on immunosuppressive medications post-transplant, which can cause gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
  • Diabetes-related gastrointestinal symptoms: The patient's diabetes can cause gastroparesis, leading to nausea, vomiting, and difficulty keeping food down.
  • Infection (e.g., CMV, EBV): As an immunocompromised patient, the risk of opportunistic infections is higher, and these can present with nonspecific symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

  • Rejection or graft dysfunction: Although less common, graft dysfunction or rejection can present with nonspecific symptoms and is a critical diagnosis to consider in a post-transplant patient.
  • Sepsis: Any sign of infection in an immunocompromised patient should prompt consideration of sepsis, which can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.
  • Obstruction or ileus: These conditions can cause severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and are important to rule out, especially in a patient with a history of abdominal surgery.

Rare Diagnoses

  • Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD): This is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can occur in post-transplant patients, often presenting with nonspecific symptoms.
  • Gastrointestinal lymphoma: Although rare, this diagnosis should be considered in a patient with persistent gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of immunosuppression.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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