What is the cause of sternoclavicular (SC) joint swelling and pain?

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Last updated: May 30, 2025View editorial policy

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Differential Diagnosis for Swelling with Pain in the Sternoclavicular Joint

  • Single most likely diagnosis
    • Septic arthritis: This is a common and serious condition that can cause swelling and pain in the sternoclavicular joint, especially if there is a history of trauma, infection, or intravenous drug use. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term damage.
  • Other Likely diagnoses
    • Osteoarthritis: Wear and tear on the joint can cause pain and swelling, especially in older adults.
    • Rheumatoid arthritis: This autoimmune disorder can cause inflammation and pain in the sternoclavicular joint, among other joints.
    • Trauma: Direct blows to the joint or indirect forces from falls or car accidents can cause swelling and pain.
    • Costoclavicular syndrome: Compression of the nerves and vessels between the clavicle and the first rib can cause pain and swelling in the sternoclavicular joint.
  • Do Not Miss (ddxs that may not be likely, but would be deadly if missed.)
    • Pneumomediastinum: Air in the mediastinum can cause pain and swelling in the sternoclavicular joint, and can be a sign of a life-threatening condition such as a ruptured esophagus or trachea.
    • Aortic dissection: A tear in the aorta can cause pain and swelling in the sternoclavicular joint, and is a medical emergency.
    • Osteomyelitis: Infection of the bone can cause pain and swelling in the sternoclavicular joint, and can be life-threatening if left untreated.
  • Rare diagnoses
    • Relapsing polychondritis: A rare autoimmune disorder that can cause inflammation and destruction of cartilage, including the sternoclavicular joint.
    • SAPHO syndrome: A rare condition that can cause inflammation and pain in the sternoclavicular joint, among other joints.
    • Tietze's syndrome: A rare condition that can cause inflammation and pain in the cartilages of the ribs, including the sternoclavicular joint.

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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