From the Research
Dextromethorphan is generally not considered teratogenic, but caution is advised during pregnancy. While there is no strong evidence that dextromethorphan causes birth defects, it's recommended to avoid its use during pregnancy unless clearly necessary and advised by a healthcare provider. If cough suppression is needed during pregnancy, alternative treatments should be considered first.
Key Considerations
- The typical over-the-counter dose of dextromethorphan (15-30 mg every 4-8 hours, not exceeding 120 mg in 24 hours) is unlikely to cause harm to a developing fetus, as supported by a study published in the journal Chest in 2001 1.
- However, high doses or prolonged use may potentially pose risks, highlighting the need for cautious use.
- This recommendation is based on limited human data and some animal studies that have not shown significant teratogenic effects, such as those discussed in the American journal of obstetrics and gynecology in 2005 2 and 2021 3.
- The drug does cross the placenta, which is why caution is warranted, as noted in the Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology in 2001 4 and MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing in 2019 5.
- If use is necessary during pregnancy, it should be at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration possible.
Guidance for Healthcare Providers
- Always consult with a healthcare provider before using any medication during pregnancy, as individual circumstances may affect the risk-benefit assessment.
- Consider alternative treatments for cough suppression during pregnancy, weighing the potential benefits and risks of each option.
- Be aware of the potential for high doses or prolonged use of dextromethorphan to pose risks to the developing fetus, and counsel patients accordingly.