From the Research
Yes, caffeine does pass into breast milk, and nursing mothers should be aware of the potential effects on their infant's behavior and sleep patterns. According to the most recent and highest quality study, a systematic review published in 2018 1, the evidence on the effects of maternal caffeine consumption during breastfeeding on the breastfed child is insufficient and inconsistent, with quality issues impeding conclusions. However, the study suggests that maternal caffeine consumption may be associated with increased infant colic and exacerbation of infant atopic dermatitis.
Key Findings
- Caffeine peaks in breast milk about 1-2 hours after consumption, with a half-life of 2.7 to 9.7 hours in breast milk 2
- The amount of caffeine in breast milk is generally considered to be low, with an estimated relative infant dose of 0.6-4.3% of the maternal dose 3
- Caffeine can accumulate in the baby's system and may cause irritability, poor sleep patterns, and fussiness
- Nursing mothers should limit caffeine intake to 300 mg per day or less (about 2-3 cups of coffee) to minimize exposure
Recommendations
- Nursing mothers should consume caffeinated beverages right after nursing or pumping to minimize exposure
- Be aware that caffeine is found not only in coffee, but also in tea, chocolate, some sodas, and certain medications
- If concerned about the baby's reaction, consider gradually reducing caffeine intake and monitor the baby for any changes in behavior or sleep patterns
- More research is needed to fully understand the effects of maternal caffeine consumption on the breastfed child and to provide evidence-based advice for breastfeeding mothers.