From the Research
For a patient with elevated Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) levels, the next steps should include a comprehensive evaluation to determine the underlying cause, with a particular focus on assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome, as suggested by the most recent study 1. The patient should schedule a follow-up appointment with their healthcare provider for additional testing, which typically includes:
- A complete liver function panel
- Abdominal ultrasound
- Detailed medical history focusing on alcohol consumption, medication use, and other risk factors for liver disease
- Assessment of cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose levels No specific medication is initially prescribed for elevated GGT alone, as treatment targets the underlying cause rather than the enzyme elevation itself. If alcohol consumption is identified as a factor, complete abstinence is recommended. For non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, lifestyle modifications including weight loss of 7-10% of body weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise (150 minutes of moderate activity weekly) are advised, as supported by a recent retrospective cohort study 2. Patients should also discontinue hepatotoxic medications if possible and ensure optimal management of any metabolic conditions like diabetes or dyslipidemia. GGT elevation warrants attention because this enzyme is sensitive to various forms of liver injury and oxidative stress, serving as an early indicator of potential liver dysfunction before more serious damage occurs, as highlighted in a narrative review 3. Additionally, elevated GGT levels have been associated with an increased risk of mortality, incident type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular events, chronic kidney disease, and cancer, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive evaluation and management plan 3.