Differential Diagnosis for Severe Fatigue in a 65-year-old Female
Single Most Likely Diagnosis
- Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD): The patient's low iron level (10) combined with high ferritin (481) and low transferrin saturation (4.7%) is suggestive of anemia of chronic disease. The elevated ferritin level indicates an inflammatory response, which is consistent with ACD.
Other Likely Diagnoses
- Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): CKD can cause a normocytic anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production. The patient's age and fatigue symptoms make CKD a plausible diagnosis.
- Hypothyroidism: Fatigue is a common symptom of hypothyroidism, and it can also cause anemia. Although the patient's iron studies do not directly point to hypothyroidism, it is still a possible diagnosis.
- Chronic Infections or Inflammatory Conditions: Conditions like tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis can cause anemia of chronic disease, similar to the patient's presentation.
Do Not Miss Diagnoses
- Malignancy: Certain types of cancer, such as lymphoma or leukemia, can cause anemia of chronic disease. It is crucial to rule out malignancy due to its severe consequences.
- Hemochromatosis: Although the patient's iron saturation is low, hemochromatosis can cause fatigue and elevated ferritin levels. However, the low transferrin saturation makes this diagnosis less likely.
- Sepsis or Severe Infection: Sepsis or severe infection can cause anemia, fatigue, and elevated ferritin levels. It is essential to consider this diagnosis due to its high mortality rate.
Rare Diagnoses
- Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: This rare genetic disorder can cause anemia, fatigue, and elevated ferritin levels. However, it is typically associated with skin manifestations, which are not mentioned in the patient's presentation.
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): HLH is a rare condition characterized by anemia, fatigue, and elevated ferritin levels. It is often associated with immune system dysfunction and can be life-threatening if not recognized promptly.