Which finding is not associated with primary biliary cholangitis: osteoporosis, hypercholesterolemia, bile duct stricture, or anti‑mitochondrial antibodies?

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Last updated: September 12, 2026 • View editorial policy

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Gallengangsstriktur passt nicht zur PBC

Die Antwort ist c) Gallengangsstriktur – dieses Merkmal ist charakteristisch für primär sklerosierende Cholangitis (PSC), nicht für primär biliäre Cholangitis (PBC).

Begründung anhand der Leitlinien

Die diagnostischen Algorithmen für chronische Cholestase zeigen klar die Unterscheidung zwischen PBC und PSC 1:

  • Bei PBC: Nachweis von AMA (antimitochondrialen Antikörpern) oder PBC-spezifischen ANA (anti-gp210, anti-sp100) führt zur Diagnose, ohne dass eine Cholangiographie erforderlich ist
  • Bei PSC: Erst wenn AMA/ANA negativ sind, wird MRCP durchgeführt, die dann Gallengangsstrikuren zeigt

Warum die anderen Optionen zur PBC passen:

a) Osteoporose – ist eine häufige Komplikation der PBC 2, 3, 4. Die Osteoporose bei PBC wird primär durch verminderte Knochenbildung verursacht (im Gegensatz zur postmenopausalen Osteoporose mit erhöhter Knochenresorption). Sie tritt bei etwa 13-30% der PBC-Patienten auf 5, 6.

b) Hypercholesterinämie – ist typisch für PBC 2. Die Leitlinien beschreiben explizit: "Serum cholesterol is commonly elevated like in other cholestatic conditions" 2. Dies ist eine direkte Folge der Cholestase.

d) AMA (antimitochondriale Antikörper) – sind der diagnostische Eckpfeiler der PBC 2, 7, 8. Die Leitlinien stellen fest: "The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of AMA, which are detected in serum of more than 90% of affected individuals; the specificity of AMA in PBC is greater than 95%" 2. Eine PBC-Diagnose kann mit Sicherheit gestellt werden bei erhöhter alkalischer Phosphatase und positivem AMA (≥1:40), ohne dass eine Leberbiopsie erforderlich ist 2.

Wichtiger klinischer Hinweis

Gallengangsstrikuren sind das definierende Merkmal der PSC, nicht der PBC 9, 1, 9. Bei PSC zeigt die Cholangiographie (MRCP oder ERCP) multifokale Strikuren und Dilatationen der intra- und/oder extrahepatischen Gallenwege 1. Die Leitlinien betonen, dass bei PBC "the biliary tree appears normal" im Ultraschall 2, und eine Cholangiographie ist für die PBC-Diagnose nicht indiziert, wenn AMA positiv sind.

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