From the Research
The sensation of fullness in the ear, associated with pressure, discomfort, and decreased hearing, is typically caused by a dysfunction of the Eustachian tube, as supported by the most recent study 1. This tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat, normally equalizes pressure between the middle ear and the environment. When it becomes blocked or fails to open properly, it can lead to a buildup of pressure and fluid in the middle ear, resulting in these symptoms. Some common causes of Eustachian tube dysfunction include:
- Ear infections
- Allergies
- Sinus congestion
- Rapid changes in air pressure, such as during air travel or scuba diving For temporary relief, methods to open the Eustachian tube can be tried, such as:
- Yawning
- Swallowing
- Chewing gum
- Performing the Valsalva maneuver (gently blowing out while pinching your nostrils closed and keeping your mouth shut) Over-the-counter decongestants or antihistamines may also help if the cause is related to congestion or allergies, as suggested by 2 and 3. However, if symptoms persist for more than a few days or are accompanied by severe pain, fever, or drainage from the ear, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional, as they may prescribe antibiotics for bacterial infections or recommend other treatments based on the underlying cause, as indicated by 4 and 5. Persistent Eustachian tube dysfunction can lead to more serious complications if left untreated, and symptoms suggestive of ET dysfunction are frequent in chronic rhinosinusitis, responding well to endoscopic sinus surgery, as shown in 1.