What is onychorrhexia?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: June 5, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Research

Onychorrhexia is a condition characterized by brittle nails that split, crack, or break easily, often appearing as vertical ridges or splits running from the nail tip toward the cuticle, and can be treated with biotin supplements and proper nail care. Onychorrhexia affects the fingernails or toenails and can result from various factors including aging, repeated exposure to water and chemicals, nutritional deficiencies (particularly biotin, iron, and protein), certain medical conditions like thyroid disorders, or trauma to the nail bed 1. Some key points to consider in the treatment of onychorrhexia include:

  • Keeping nails moisturized with petroleum jelly or specialized nail oils
  • Avoiding harsh chemicals by wearing gloves during cleaning activities
  • Taking biotin supplements (typically 2.5-10 mg daily) 2
  • Maintaining proper nail care by keeping nails trimmed short, avoiding aggressive filing, and limiting use of nail polish removers Improvement usually takes several months as nails grow slowly, with complete replacement of the nail plate requiring 4-6 months for fingernails and up to a year for toenails. Recent studies have shown that a combined treatment regimen of biotin and pyridoxine can be effective in treating onychoschizia, a related condition characterized by distal nail plate splitting 3. It's also important to note that onychorrhexia can be caused by underlying conditions such as tumors, inflammatory diseases, and traumas, and a thorough diagnosis should be made to rule out these causes 4. Overall, the most effective treatment for onychorrhexia involves addressing underlying causes and maintaining proper nail care, with biotin supplements playing a key role in improving nail health 5.

References

Research

Vitamins and minerals: their role in nail health and disease.

Journal of drugs in dermatology : JDD, 2007

Research

Causes of longitudinal nail splitting: a retrospective 56-case series with clinical pathological correlation.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2022

Research

Biotin for the treatment of nail disease: what is the evidence?

The Journal of dermatological treatment, 2018

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.