From the Guidelines
Mononucleosis typically lasts 2-4 weeks for acute symptoms, though fatigue may persist for several months in some cases, as indicated by the presence of heterophile antibodies that gradually decline over a year or longer 1. You can consider yourself fully recovered when you've been fever-free for at least 24 hours without medication, your energy levels have returned to normal, and your doctor confirms your recovery through follow-up testing if necessary, such as EBV antibody testing for IgG and IgM to viral capsid antigen (VCA) and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) 1. To protect your family from infection, consider the following measures:
- Avoid sharing drinks, food, or personal items like toothbrushes
- Practice good hand hygiene
- Limit close contact including kissing until you're recovered
- Clean shared surfaces regularly The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) that causes mono remains in your body for life but becomes dormant after the initial infection, with over 90% of the normal adult population having IgG class antibodies to VCA and EBNA antigens 1. Most adults have already been exposed to EBV and developed immunity, making them less susceptible to infection, although children may develop milder symptoms if infected 1. Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen are the primary treatments, as antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections, and contact your doctor if symptoms worsen or if you develop severe abdominal pain, as mono can occasionally cause complications like an enlarged spleen.
From the Research
Duration of Mononucleosis
- The duration of mononucleosis, also known as infectious mononucleosis, can vary from person to person, but most people recover within 2-4 weeks 2, 3.
- Fatigue, a common symptom of mononucleosis, may persist for several months, typically resolving within three months 3.
- The recovery period can be influenced by various factors, including the severity of symptoms, age, and overall health.
Recovery and Confirmation of Full Recovery
- A person can be considered fully recovered from mononucleosis when their symptoms have resolved, and they have returned to their normal activities 3.
- There is no specific test to confirm full recovery, but a healthcare professional can assess the person's overall health and determine if they have recovered.
- It is essential to note that some people may experience lingering fatigue or other symptoms for an extended period, but this does not necessarily mean they are not fully recovered.
Family Protection
- Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is transmitted primarily through saliva 3, 4.
- Family members can protect themselves by avoiding close contact with the infected person, such as kissing, sharing utensils or drinks, and avoiding intimate contact 3.
- Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and proper cleaning of surfaces, can also help prevent the spread of the virus.
- It is essential to note that avoiding exposure to EBV is almost impossible, and the development of an effective vaccine is considered the most effective way to prevent EBV infection and mononucleosis 3.