From the Research
The medical term for a swollen lymph node under the chin is submandibular lymphadenopathy. This condition occurs when lymph nodes in the submandibular region become enlarged due to infection, inflammation, or other medical conditions [ 1 ]. Submandibular lymph nodes are located beneath the mandible (jawbone) and often become swollen in response to infections in the mouth, throat, or face as they filter lymphatic fluid from these areas. Common causes include viral or bacterial infections such as strep throat, dental infections, or mononucleosis. The swelling is part of the body's normal immune response as lymphocytes multiply to fight infection, causing the node to enlarge.
Causes and Diagnosis
While usually benign and temporary, persistent submandibular lymphadenopathy (lasting more than two weeks) should be evaluated by a healthcare provider to rule out more serious conditions [ 2 ]. The medical history and physical examination provide the first clues to the diagnosis, and localized swollen glands often have an infectious etiology [ 2 ]. Treatment typically addresses the underlying cause rather than the lymph node itself, often involving antibiotics for bacterial infections or supportive care for viral illnesses.
Treatment and Prognosis
In some cases, submandibular lymphadenopathy can be associated with more serious illnesses, and a broad differential diagnosis can be narrowed with a thorough clinical history, physical examination, laboratory studies, and imaging [ 1 ]. The goal is to provide a framework for understanding normal physiology, identify when enlarged lymph nodes may be associated with pathology, develop differential diagnoses associated with lymphadenopathy, and apply a systematic approach for diagnostics and appropriate management [ 1 ].
Key Considerations
It is essential to note that generalized lymphadenopathy is frequently a sign of a hematological systemic disease, particularly in adults, and therefore, in every case of lymphadenopathy persisting for more than 1 month, invasive diagnostic procedures are indicated to rule out a malignant cause [ 2 ]. Submandibular lymphadenopathy should be evaluated and managed based on the underlying cause, and healthcare providers should be aware of the potential for more serious conditions.