Nocturnal Asthma: This condition is characterized by asthma symptoms that worsen at night, often waking the patient from a deep sleep due to severe coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath. The nocturnal worsening can be attributed to various factors, including the natural circadian rhythm of cortisol levels, increased airway resistance, and exposure to allergens or irritants during sleep.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Symptoms of GERD, such as heartburn and regurgitation, can worsen at night, especially when lying down, leading to discomfort that can wake a person from sleep.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Exacerbation: Similar to nocturnal asthma, COPD symptoms can worsen at night, causing patients to wake up due to increased shortness of breath or coughing.
Sleep Apnea: Although primarily known for causing daytime sleepiness, sleep apnea can lead to nocturnal awakenings due to pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep, potentially causing the patient to wake up gasping for air.
Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS): Characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, usually due to uncomfortable sensations, RLS can significantly disrupt sleep, causing frequent awakenings.

Pulmonary Embolism: A life-threatening condition where a blood clot blocks an artery in the lung, pulmonary embolism can cause sudden and severe shortness of breath that worsens when lying down and can wake a person from sleep.
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): Chest pain or discomfort associated with ACS can occur at any time, including at night, and is a medical emergency requiring immediate attention.
Pneumonia: Severe pneumonia can cause significant respiratory distress, including worsening symptoms at night that can wake a person from sleep.

Nocturnal Seizures: Certain types of seizures can occur exclusively during sleep, potentially causing the patient to wake up confused or with symptoms related to the seizure.
Sleep-Related Eating Disorder: A condition where a person eats during sleep without being aware, this can lead to nocturnal awakenings, although it might not directly cause worsening of symptoms in the traditional sense.
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (PND): Associated with heart failure, PND is characterized by sudden, severe shortness of breath at night, typically occurring several hours after sleep begins.