In an elderly male with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia presenting with marked monocytosis and hyperuricemia, how does lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level change?

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Last updated: October 2, 2026 • View editorial policy

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慢性骨髄単球性白血病におけるLDHの変化

慢性骨髄単球性白血病(CMML)では、LDH(乳酸脱水素酵素)は上昇することが多く、特に骨髄増殖型(MP-CMML)や線維化を伴う症例で顕著に上昇します。

LDH上昇の臨床的意義

LDHの上昇は、CMMLにおいて以下の特徴と関連しています:

骨髄増殖型CMMLとの関連

  • 骨髄線維化を伴うCMML(CMML-F)患者では、血清LDH値が有意に高値を示します 1
  • CMML-F患者は、白血球数、絶対単球数、LDH値、脾腫、骨髄芽球比率において、線維化のないCMML患者と有意な差を示します 1
  • これらの患者の60%が骨髄増殖型CMMLであり、LDH上昇は増殖性の特徴を反映しています 1

予後因子としてのLDH

  • LDH≥250 U/Lは、CMML患者の全生存期間(OS)に有意に悪影響を及ぼします 2
  • 低ヘモグロビン値、LDH≥250 U/L、末梢血芽球≥5%は、いずれも予後不良因子として確立されています 2

臨床的解釈のポイント

高異化症候群の指標

CMMLの一般的な症状は、基礎にある血球減少、高異化症候群、脾腫、または単球の臓器浸潤を反映しています 3。LDH上昇は、この高異化症候群の生化学的マーカーとして機能します。

疾患サブタイプの鑑別

  • 骨髄増殖型(MP-CMML):白血球増多、脾腫、LDH上昇を伴うことが多い
  • 骨髄異形成型(MD-CMML):主に血球減少を呈し、LDH上昇は比較的軽度

注意すべき臨床状況

質問の文脈にある「著明な単球増多と高尿酸血症を伴う高齢男性」という設定では:

  • LDH上昇は細胞回転の亢進を示唆
  • 高尿酸血症と併せて、腫瘍崩壊症候群のリスク評価が必要
  • ヒドロキシウレアなどの細胞減少療法の適応判断に重要

実臨床での活用

LDH値は、以下の臨床判断に役立ちます:

  • 初診時評価:疾患の増殖性の程度を評価
  • 予後層別化:LDH≥250 U/Lは予後不良の指標 2
  • 治療選択:骨髄増殖型の特徴(LDH上昇を含む)がある場合、ヒドロキシウレアによる細胞減少療法が第一選択 3
  • モニタリング:治療反応性や疾患進行の評価

LDH上昇は、CMMLの診断基準には含まれませんが、疾患の生物学的活性と予後を反映する重要なバイオマーカーです。

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