Viral hepatitis: This is often the most common cause of jaundice, especially in areas with high prevalence of hepatitis A, B, or C. The justification for this diagnosis is the high frequency of viral hepatitis in the population and its direct impact on liver function, leading to jaundice.

Alcoholic liver disease: Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage, including alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, which can cause jaundice. The likelihood of this diagnosis depends on the patient's alcohol use history.
Gallstones: Obstruction of the bile ducts by gallstones can cause jaundice. This diagnosis is likely in patients with a history of gallbladder disease or symptoms suggestive of biliary colic.
Drug-induced liver injury: Certain medications can cause liver damage, leading to jaundice. This diagnosis should be considered in patients who have recently started new medications.

Pancreatic cancer: Although less common, pancreatic cancer can cause obstructive jaundice by compressing the bile duct. Missing this diagnosis can have severe consequences, making it crucial to consider in patients with jaundice, especially those with weight loss or abdominal pain.
Cholangitis: Infection of the bile ducts can cause severe illness and requires prompt treatment. This diagnosis should not be missed, especially in patients with fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain (Charcot's triad).
Hemolytic anemia: Conditions like sickle cell disease or autoimmune hemolytic anemia can cause jaundice due to increased bilirubin production from hemolysis. These conditions can have significant morbidity if not recognized and treated appropriately.

Wilson's disease: A genetic disorder leading to copper accumulation in the liver, which can cause liver damage and jaundice. This diagnosis is rare but should be considered in young patients with unexplained liver disease.
Primary biliary cirrhosis: An autoimmune disease causing progressive destruction of the bile ducts within the liver, leading to cirrhosis and jaundice. This condition is rare and typically presents in middle-aged women.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis: A chronic liver disease characterized by inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts, which can cause jaundice. This condition is rare and often associated with inflammatory bowel disease.