From the Research
The center of gravity (COG) in a normal adult while standing is located approximately at the level of the second sacral vertebra (S2), slightly anterior to the sacrum, in the midline of the body. This point is typically situated about 55-57% of a person's height from the ground, or roughly at the level of the pelvis. The COG represents the point where the body's mass is equally distributed in all directions. Its position varies slightly between individuals based on body composition, with differences noted between males and females due to variations in weight distribution. In women, the COG tends to be slightly lower due to relatively greater mass in the pelvic region, while in men it may be slightly higher due to greater upper body mass. The body constantly makes small adjustments to maintain this COG over the base of support (the feet) during standing, which is essential for maintaining balance and preventing falls. Understanding the COG location is important for analyzing posture, movement mechanics, and balance disorders, as seen in studies focusing on fall prevention and balance in older adults 1. However, the provided studies do not directly address the location of the COG in normal adults while standing, but rather focus on exercise interventions for fall prevention and balance in older adults 2, 3, 4, 5. Given the lack of direct evidence on the COG location from the provided studies, the answer relies on general knowledge of human anatomy and physiology. It's worth noting that the most recent and highest quality study provided 5 discusses the effectiveness of exercise interventions on mobility, postural control, and falls for older adults with mild cognitive impairment, but does not specifically address the COG location. Therefore, the information on COG location is based on general principles rather than the specific studies cited.