From the Research
Yes, multiple myeloma can result in urinary retention in certain circumstances, particularly through spinal cord compression or hypercalcemia, which can impair kidney function and contribute to urinary problems. Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that can lead to various complications affecting the urinary system. The most common way multiple myeloma causes urinary retention is through spinal cord compression, which occurs when myeloma lesions in the vertebrae press on the spinal cord, disrupting nerve signals to the bladder. Additionally, hypercalcemia (high calcium levels in the blood), a common complication of multiple myeloma, can impair kidney function and contribute to urinary problems 1. Myeloma patients may also develop amyloidosis, where abnormal protein deposits affect bladder function. Furthermore, some treatments for multiple myeloma, particularly certain chemotherapy agents, can cause neurological complications that affect bladder control.
Some key points to consider in the management of multiple myeloma-related urinary retention include:
- Spinal cord compression requires urgent intervention, potentially including radiation therapy for spinal lesions 2
- Hypercalcemia can be managed with medications to reduce calcium levels 3
- Catheterization may be necessary for immediate relief of urinary retention
- The association of the proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib and high dose Dexamethasone is the reference treatment in newly diagnosed patients with renal impairment 2
- Collaboration between hematologists and nephrologists is essential throughout the course of the disease 2
Patients with multiple myeloma experiencing sudden urinary retention should seek immediate medical attention, as this could indicate spinal cord compression requiring urgent intervention. Management typically involves treating the underlying myeloma while addressing the specific cause of urinary retention. According to the most recent study 2, the management of multiple myeloma have to be adapted in patients with chronic kidney disease, dialysis or kidney transplantation. Because of improvement in global survival, kidney transplantation remains an option to consider in selected patients.