Differential Diagnosis for Mouth Soreness

Single Most Likely Diagnosis

• Aphthous Ulcers: These are the most common cause of mouth soreness, characterized by recurrent, painful ulcers on the mucous membranes inside the mouth. They are often triggered by stress, trauma, or certain foods.

Other Likely Diagnoses

• Oral Candidiasis (Thrush): A fungal infection that can cause white patches and soreness in the mouth, often seen in immunocompromised individuals or those with poor oral hygiene.
• Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums, which can lead to soreness and bleeding, typically due to poor dental hygiene.
• Dental Problems: Issues like tooth decay, abscesses, or gum disease can cause mouth soreness.
• Allergic Reactions: Allergies to food, medications, or oral care products can lead to mouth soreness and ulcers.

Do Not Miss Diagnoses

• Oral Cancer: Although less common, mouth soreness can be a symptom of oral cancer, which requires early detection for effective treatment.
• Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): HSV can cause painful blisters and ulcers in the mouth, and while not usually deadly, can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
• Lichen Planus: A chronic autoimmune condition that can cause mouth soreness, ulcers, and white patches, which can increase the risk of oral cancer if not properly managed.

Rare Diagnoses

• Pemphigus Vulgaris: A rare autoimmune disease that causes blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, including the mouth.
• Erythema Multiforme: A rare skin condition that can cause mouth sores and ulcers, often triggered by infections or medications.
• Behçet's Disease: A rare condition that causes inflammation of blood vessels, which can lead to mouth sores, genital sores, and other symptoms.