Yes, OxyContin is a Schedule II Controlled Substance
OxyContin (extended-release oxycodone) is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance under the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, as determined by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). 11
Regulatory Classification
Schedule II designation indicates that OxyContin has:
- High potential for abuse that may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence 22
- Accepted medical use with severe restrictions
- Significant risk for addiction, misuse, and diversion 1
All Oxycodone Formulations Are Schedule II
The Schedule II classification applies to:
- Extended-release oxycodone (OxyContin) 222
- Immediate-release oxycodone (Roxicodone) 22
- Oxycodone combination products (Percocet, Percodan) 222
This is distinct from Schedule III opioids, which include hydrocodone combination products (≤15 mg) such as Vicodin and Lortab 22.
Clinical Implications of Schedule II Status
Prescribing requirements are more stringent:
- Written prescriptions required (electronic prescribing now permitted in most states)
- No refills allowed—new prescription needed for each fill
- DEA registration required for prescribers
- Strict record-keeping and inventory controls mandated 1
The extended-release formulation carries additional warnings: OxyContin delivers a larger total amount of oxycodone over time, creating greater risk for overdose and death compared to immediate-release formulations 11. The FDA specifically notes that ER/LA opioids like OxyContin should be reserved for severe pain requiring around-the-clock treatment when alternatives are inadequate 34.
Abuse and Diversion Risks
OxyContin has been central to the opioid crisis due to its high abuse potential 56. The Schedule II classification reflects that oxycodone is sought for nonmedical use and subject to diversion from legitimate prescribed use 11. Crushing, chewing, snorting, or injecting OxyContin defeats the extended-release mechanism and can result in fatal overdose 1.