From the Guidelines
Vasomotor rhinitis is the type of rhinitis that is contributed by fluctuations and reductions in estrogen levels. This condition is characterized by nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and other symptoms of rhinitis, which can be exacerbated by hormonal changes, particularly the rise and fall of estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle or pregnancy 1.
Key Points
- Hormonal changes, including fluctuations in estrogen levels, can contribute to the development of vasomotor rhinitis
- Vasomotor rhinitis can occur during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause due to changes in estrogen levels
- Treatment options for vasomotor rhinitis include saline nasal sprays, nasal corticosteroids, and avoiding allergens or irritants
- The mechanism of estrogen-induced rhinitis involves the effect of estrogen on nasal blood vessels, causing vasodilation and increased mucus production, as well as influencing mast cell activity and histamine release in nasal tissues 1.
Symptoms and Treatment
Symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis include nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and itching, which can be relieved with saline nasal sprays, nasal corticosteroids, or other medications.
- Nasal corticosteroids like fluticasone or mometasone may be used at standard doses for symptom control
- Antihistamines generally provide limited benefit since this is not an allergic reaction
- For severe cases, consultation with an ENT specialist may be necessary to rule out other underlying conditions and develop an effective treatment plan.
From the Research
Types of Rhinitis
- Vasomotor rhinitis: characterized by a combination of symptoms that includes nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea, with no clear evidence linking it to fluctuations and reductions in estrogen levels 2, 3
- Rhinitis medicamentosa: not mentioned in the provided studies as being related to estrogen levels
- Viral rhinitis: not mentioned in the provided studies as being related to estrogen levels
- Atrophic rhinitis: treated with irrigation and debridement, with no clear evidence linking it to fluctuations and reductions in estrogen levels 4
Estrogen-Related Traits and Rhinitis
- A study found that women with a high digit ratio, indicating exposure to a higher estrogen level in the prenatal period, had a higher risk of allergic rhinitis 5
- Another study found that women who experienced first menstruation at a younger age had a higher risk of allergic rhinitis, suggesting a possible link between estrogen levels and allergic rhinitis 5
Conclusion Not Provided as per Request
However, based on the provided studies, it appears that fluctuations and reductions in estrogen may be a contributing factor in vasomotor rhinitis, although the evidence is not direct. The correct answer is: a. Vasomotor rhinitis 2, 3