What is the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision) code for a muscle sprain or tear?

Medical Advisory BoardAll articles are reviewed for accuracy by our Medical Advisory Board
Educational purpose only • Exercise caution as content is pending human review
Article Review Status
Submitted
Under Review
Approved

Last updated: June 13, 2025View editorial policy

Personalize

Help us tailor your experience

Which best describes you? Your choice helps us use language that's most understandable for you.

From the Guidelines

The ICD-10 code for a muscle sprain or tear depends on the specific location of the injury, with muscle sprains and strains generally falling under the S-series codes, specifically categories S83-S99 for lower limb injuries and S43-S59 for upper limb injuries. For example, an ankle sprain would be coded as S93.4, while a hamstring strain might be coded as S76.3 1. When documenting a muscle sprain or tear, it's essential to specify the exact anatomical location, laterality (right, left, or bilateral), and whether it's an initial encounter, subsequent encounter, or sequela. The seventh character in the code indicates the encounter type: "A" for initial encounter, "D" for subsequent encounter, and "S" for sequela. Proper coding is crucial for accurate medical records, appropriate treatment planning, and insurance reimbursement. The distinction between a sprain (ligament injury) and a strain (muscle or tendon injury) is vital for correct coding, as they have different ICD-10 classifications despite similar symptoms.

Some key points to consider when coding for muscle sprains or tears include:

  • Specifying the exact anatomical location of the injury
  • Indicating laterality (right, left, or bilateral)
  • Identifying the encounter type (initial, subsequent, or sequela)
  • Using the correct S-series code for the specific injury location
  • Understanding the difference between sprains (ligament injuries) and strains (muscle or tendon injuries) for accurate coding, as noted in recent guidelines 1.

It's also important to note that while treatment guidelines, such as those provided by the American Heart Association and American Red Cross 1, focus on the care and management of muscle sprains and tears, accurate coding is essential for ensuring that patients receive appropriate care and for facilitating insurance reimbursement.

From the Research

ICD-10 Code for Muscle Sprain or Tear

The ICD-10 code for a muscle sprain or tear is not explicitly mentioned in the provided studies 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. However, we can look at the general classification of muscle injuries:

  • Muscle strain injuries are common in sports and can be treated conservatively with excellent recovery 2
  • Muscle strain usually causes acute pain and occurs during strenuous activity, and the diagnosis can be made on the basis of the history and physical examination 3
  • The current classification divides muscle injuries into mild, moderate, and severe, with different signs and symptoms for each grade 5

Possible ICD-10 Codes

Although the exact ICD-10 code is not provided, we can consider the following codes as possibilities:

  • S46: Injury of muscle and tendon at shoulder and upper arm level
  • S56: Injury of muscle and tendon at forearm level
  • S66: Injury of muscle and tendon at wrist and hand level
  • S76: Injury of muscle and tendon at ankle and foot level
  • S86: Injury of muscle and tendon at knee and lower leg level
  • M62: Other disorders of muscle, including muscle strain and tear
  • M79: Other disorders of soft tissue, including sprain and strain

Note that these codes are not explicitly mentioned in the provided studies, and it's always best to consult the official ICD-10 coding guidelines for accurate coding 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

References

Guideline

Guideline Directed Topic Overview

Dr.Oracle Medical Advisory Board & Editors, 2025

Research

Muscle strain injuries.

Current opinion in rheumatology, 2000

Research

Muscle strain injury: diagnosis and treatment.

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1999

Research

Surgical treatment for muscle injuries.

Current reviews in musculoskeletal medicine, 2015

Research

Muscle Injury: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Revista brasileira de ortopedia, 2022

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

Have a follow-up question?

Our Medical A.I. is used by practicing medical doctors at top research institutions around the world. Ask any follow up question and get world-class guideline-backed answers instantly.