What are eye numbing drops?

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Last updated: June 16, 2025View editorial policy

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From the FDA Drug Label

Topical administration of tetracaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution results in localized temporary anesthesia. One drop topically in the eye(s) as needed. Discard unused portion. The eye numbing drops are tetracaine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution 1, which is used for localized temporary anesthesia.

  • The maximum effect is achieved within 10–20 seconds after instillation, with efficacy lasting 10–20 minutes.
  • Tetracaine hydrochloride is the active ingredient in the eye numbing drops 1 and 1.

From the Research

Eye numbing drops, also known as topical ophthalmic anesthetics, are medications that temporarily block pain sensation in the eye, with chloroprocaine 3% gel being a novel and effective alternative to traditional options like tetracaine 0.5% eye drops, as demonstrated in a recent multicenter, randomized clinical trial 2.

Key Characteristics of Eye Numbing Drops

  • Common examples include proparacaine (Alcaine), tetracaine (Pontocaine), and lidocaine
  • These drops work by preventing nerve cells in the eye's surface from sending pain signals to the brain
  • They typically take effect within seconds and last 15-20 minutes
  • Primarily used by eye care professionals during examinations, procedures like foreign body removal, or before certain eye surgeries

Important Considerations

  • Prescription-only and not intended for home use or self-treatment
  • Can mask symptoms of serious eye conditions, delay healing, and potentially damage the cornea if overused
  • Repeated use can lead to corneal erosion, infection, and even permanent vision loss
  • If experiencing eye pain, it's essential to seek professional medical care rather than attempting to obtain or use these drops on your own

Recent Findings

  • A 2024 study found that chloroprocaine 3% gel is safe and effective, representing a valid alternative in ocular topical anesthesia 2
  • Other studies have highlighted the importance of using these medications judiciously and under medical supervision to avoid adverse effects 3, 4, 5, 6

References

Research

Chloroprocaine 3% Gel as a Novel Ocular Topical Anesthetic: Results from a Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery.

Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2024

Research

Toxicities of topical ophthalmic anesthetics.

Expert opinion on drug safety, 2007

Research

Topical tetracaine with bandage soft contact lens pain control after photorefractive keratectomy.

Journal of refractive surgery (Thorofare, N.J. : 1995), 2000

Research

Effects of Regular/Dilute Proparacaine Anesthetic Eye Drops in Combination with Ophthalmic Antibiotics on Corneal Wound Healing.

Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2022

Professional Medical Disclaimer

This information is intended for healthcare professionals. Any medical decision-making should rely on clinical judgment and independently verified information. The content provided herein does not replace professional discretion and should be considered supplementary to established clinical guidelines. Healthcare providers should verify all information against primary literature and current practice standards before application in patient care. Dr.Oracle assumes no liability for clinical decisions based on this content.

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