From the Research
Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is primarily treated with supportive care, focusing on managing symptoms, as it is a self-limiting viral infection that typically resolves within 7-10 days. Treatment includes acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) for fever and pain relief, dosed according to age and weight as directed on packaging 1. Adequate hydration is crucial, especially with cold fluids like water, milk, or popsicles that can soothe mouth sores. Soft, non-acidic foods are recommended to minimize discomfort while eating. Saltwater rinses (1/2 teaspoon salt in 1 cup warm water) can help relieve mouth pain.
Key Considerations
- Topical oral anesthetics containing benzocaine may provide temporary relief for mouth sores in older children and adults, but should be used cautiously.
- Hand washing and avoiding close contact with infected individuals are important preventive measures, as the virus spreads through respiratory droplets, fecal matter, and contact with fluid from blisters.
- Antiviral medications are not typically prescribed as they have not shown significant benefit for HFMD.
- Patients should seek medical attention if they experience high fever, signs of dehydration, or if symptoms worsen or persist beyond 10 days.
Prevention and Management
- Vaccination of susceptible individuals in high-risk areas and good personal hygiene are important preventative measures to combat the disease 1.
- Familiarity with the disease, including its atypical manifestations, is crucial for a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment initiation.
- A timely diagnosis can help avoid contact with the affected individual and decrease the risk of an outbreak. In severe cases of HFMD, particularly those caused by enterovirus A71, treatment may encompass mechanical ventilation and the application of antiviral agents such as ribavirin, although specific antiviral treatments are not commonly recommended 2, 1.