From the Guidelines
Yes, the elevation in cholesterol levels caused by consuming unfiltered coffee is generally reversible. This is based on the understanding that unfiltered coffee contains substances called diterpenes (primarily cafestol and kahweol) that temporarily affect how the liver processes cholesterol, as suggested by various studies on dietary influences on cholesterol levels 1. When you remove these compounds from your diet by switching to filtered coffee (where paper filters trap the diterpenes) or by eliminating coffee, your liver's normal cholesterol regulation resumes. For those concerned about cholesterol levels, you don't need to eliminate coffee entirely - simply switching to paper-filtered drip coffee, using a paper filter with your French press, or choosing instant coffee provides the enjoyment of coffee without the cholesterol-raising effect. It's also worth noting that lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, increased physical activity, and weight management can have a positive impact on cholesterol levels and overall cardiovascular health, as emphasized in guidelines for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease 1. However, the direct reversibility of cholesterol elevation due to unfiltered coffee consumption is most clearly addressed by considering the removal of the causative agents (diterpenes) from the diet. Given the most recent and highest quality evidence available, the focus should be on the practical steps individuals can take to manage their cholesterol levels, including choices about coffee consumption and broader lifestyle adjustments.
From the Research
Elevation in Cholesterol Levels
The elevation in cholesterol levels caused by consuming unfiltered coffee is a topic of interest in various studies.
- The studies suggest that unfiltered coffee can increase serum cholesterol levels, whereas filtered coffee has a minimal effect on serum lipid levels 2, 3, 4.
- A study published in the European Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that filtered coffee can also raise serum cholesterol levels, although the effect is less pronounced compared to unfiltered coffee 5.
- The increase in serum cholesterol levels is attributed to the presence of diterpenes, such as kahweol and cafestol, which are found in unfiltered coffee 2, 6.
Reversibility of Elevation
Regarding the reversibility of the elevation in cholesterol levels, the studies suggest that:
- Abstaining from coffee consumption can lead to a decline in serum cholesterol levels 5.
- Switching from unfiltered to filtered coffee can also reduce serum cholesterol levels 2, 4.
- The effects of coffee consumption on serum lipid levels are reversible, as evidenced by the decrease in serum cholesterol levels after abstaining from coffee or switching to filtered coffee 5, 4.