From the Research
Fifth disease is most dangerous to pregnant women during the second trimester, predominantly in this period, as stated by the most recent and highest quality study 1. The risk of fetal morbidity and mortality is higher during this time due to the potential for severe anemia, heart failure, and a condition called hydrops fetalis. Some key points to consider:
- The virus can infect the fetal red blood cell precursors, leading to severe anemia and other complications 1.
- Vertical transmission occurs in 33-51% of cases of maternal infection, with fetal complications occurring in a subset of these cases 1.
- The second trimester is a critical period for fetal development, and the virus can have a significant impact on the fetus's circulatory system 1.
- While most pregnant women who contract fifth disease have healthy babies, approximately 5-10% of infections during this vulnerable period may result in fetal complications 2, 3, 4, 5.
- If a pregnant woman is exposed to or develops symptoms of fifth disease, she should contact her healthcare provider immediately for evaluation, which may include blood tests to check for antibodies and ultrasound monitoring of the fetus for signs of anemia or hydrops 5.