What dermal supplements are recommended for dogs with atopy?

From the Guidelines

For dogs with atopy, omega-3 fatty acid supplements are most highly recommended, particularly those containing EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) from fish oil sources, despite the lack of strong evidence supporting their use in atopic dermatitis treatment, as suggested by 1.

Key Considerations

• The typical dosage ranges from 50-100 mg combined EPA/DHA per kg of body weight daily, although the optimal dosage may vary depending on individual circumstances.
• Other supplements like evening primrose oil, zinc, and vitamin E may be considered, but their effectiveness is not strongly supported by evidence, as noted in 1.
• It is essential to use high-quality, veterinary-specific formulations rather than human products and introduce supplements gradually to avoid digestive upset.

Evidence Review

• A 2014 study published in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1 found inconsistent to no evidence to recommend the use of fish oils, evening primrose oil, and other supplements for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
• An older study from 1995 1 discussed the management of atopic eczema, including the potential benefits of evening primrose oil, but the evidence was not conclusive.

Clinical Decision

• Given the limited evidence supporting the use of supplements in atopic dermatitis treatment, a conservative approach is recommended, focusing on omega-3 fatty acid supplements as part of a comprehensive management plan.
• Close monitoring and regular follow-up with a veterinarian are crucial to assess the effectiveness of the supplements and adjust the treatment plan as needed.

From the Research

Dermal Supplements for Atopy in Dogs

Dermal supplements can play a crucial role in managing atopy in dogs. The following are some key points to consider:

• Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs): EFAs, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, have been shown to be beneficial in reducing inflammation and improving skin health in dogs with atopy 2, 3, 4, 5.
• Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): PUFAs, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, have anti-inflammatory properties and can help alleviate symptoms of atopy in dogs 3, 4, 5.
• Vitamin E: Vitamin E supplementation has been shown to improve clinical signs and reduce oxidative stress markers in dogs with atopic dermatitis 6.
• Mechanisms of Action: The mechanisms of action of these supplements are not fully understood, but it is thought that they may involve the modulation of inflammatory responses, improvement of skin barrier function, and reduction of oxidative stress 3, 4, 5, 6.

Recommended Supplements

Based on the available evidence, the following dermal supplements may be recommended for dogs with atopy:

• Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) 2, 3, 4
• Omega-6 fatty acids 2, 3, 5
• Vitamin E 6
• Flaxseed oil (as a source of alpha-linolenic acid) 4

Important Considerations

It is essential to note that:

• The effectiveness of these supplements may vary depending on the individual dog and the severity of their atopy.
• These supplements should be used in conjunction with other treatments, such as antihistamines and immunotherapy, as recommended by a veterinarian.
• The optimal dosage and duration of supplementation have not been established, and further research is needed to determine the most effective treatment regimens.