From the Research
A ruptured calyx of a kidney is a serious condition where one of the cup-shaped collecting structures within the kidney tears or breaks open, often due to increased pressure caused by an obstruction like a kidney stone, severe infection, trauma, or certain medical procedures. The kidney contains several calyces that collect urine from the nephrons before it flows into the renal pelvis and then down the ureter to the bladder. Rupture typically happens due to increased pressure within the kidney, which can be caused by various factors such as urolithiasis, strictures, tumors, or congenital abnormalities 1. When a calyx ruptures, urine can leak into surrounding tissues, potentially causing infection, abscess formation, or urinoma (collection of urine outside the urinary tract). Symptoms may include severe flank pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, and sometimes blood in the urine.
Some key points to consider in the management of a ruptured calyx include:
- Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications such as infection, abscess formation, and impaired renal function 1
- Imaging studies such as non-contrast CT scans are essential for diagnosis and guiding management 2
- Conservative management with medical therapy may be effective in many cases, but surgical intervention may be necessary for larger stones or complications 1
- Temporary drainage with a nephrostomy tube or stent may be needed to relieve pressure and allow healing 3
- Surgery might be required for severe cases or if complications develop, and in some cases, nephroureterectomy may be necessary 3
It is essential to note that calyceal ruptures are relatively rare, but they can have severe consequences if not managed promptly and effectively. The most recent and highest quality study 1 emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and management to prevent complications and promote favorable outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize prompt medical attention and individualized management based on the cause and severity of the condition.