Raynaud's Phenomenon: This condition is characterized by episodic vasospasm of the arteries supplying the fingers, leading to ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, which causes the fingers to turn red. The presence of good pulses suggests that the large arteries are not obstructed, and the symptoms of pain and numbness are consistent with the episodic nature of Raynaud's.

Vasculitis: Inflammation of the blood vessels can lead to symptoms similar to Raynaud's, including pain, numbness, and color changes in the fingers. However, vasculitis often involves other systemic symptoms and may not always present with good pulses.
Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease): This is a non-atherosclerotic, segmental inflammatory disease that affects the small and medium-sized arteries of the hands and feet. It can cause pain, numbness, and color changes, but typically, pulses may be diminished or absent in advanced cases.
Hypothyroidism: Some patients with hypothyroidism can experience Raynaud's-like symptoms, including cold intolerance, numbness, and tingling in the fingers, which might be accompanied by changes in skin color.

Acute Arterial Occlusion: Although the patient reports good pulses, an acute occlusion could potentially cause minimal initial changes in pulse strength, especially if collateral circulation is well-developed. The sudden onset of pain and numbness, even with good pulses, warrants consideration of this potentially limb-threatening condition.
Sickle Cell Crisis: In patients with sickle cell disease, a crisis can cause vaso-occlusive episodes leading to ischemic pain and potentially changes in limb color. The presence of good pulses does not rule out this condition, as the occlusion is at the microvascular level.

Erythromelalgia: A disorder characterized by burning pain, heat, and redness in the hands and feet. It can be primary or secondary to other conditions like myeloproliferative disorders. The symptoms can mimic those of Raynaud's but typically involve warmth rather than coldness.
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS): A condition characterized by chronic pain, inflammation, and hypersensitivity after an injury or trauma. It can cause changes in skin color and temperature, among other symptoms, but is less likely to present with the specific pattern of red fingers and good pulses.