From the Research
Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) does not directly cause Parkinson's disease, but having a history of ADHD, which Adderall is often used to treat, may increase the risk of developing Parkinson's disease by 33%. According to a recent study published in the Journal of Affective Disorders in 2025 1, individuals with a prior ADHD diagnosis had a higher risk of Parkinson's disease, and ADHD medication use did not significantly modify this risk. The study suggests that ADHD history appears to independently impact long-term Parkinson's disease outcomes.
Key Points to Consider
- The relationship between Adderall use and Parkinson's disease risk is not clearly established as causal.
- Adderall works by increasing levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which helps improve attention and reduce hyperactivity in conditions like ADHD.
- Theoretically, long-term use of stimulants that affect dopamine systems could potentially impact dopamine-producing neurons, which are affected in Parkinson's disease.
- However, when prescribed appropriately and taken as directed, Adderall is generally considered safe for most patients.
- Regular check-ups while on Adderall can help monitor for any concerning symptoms or side effects.
Recommendations for Patients
- If you're concerned about potential long-term neurological effects of Adderall, it's essential to discuss these concerns with your healthcare provider.
- They can help weigh the benefits of treatment against potential risks based on your individual health profile and medical history.
- Patients with a history of ADHD should be aware of the potential increased risk of Parkinson's disease and discuss this with their healthcare provider.
Further Research Needed
- More research is needed to investigate the mechanisms and preventive strategies for high-risk neurodevelopmental populations, such as those with ADHD.
- Understanding the nature of the association between Parkinson's disease and ADHD may provide insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of both disorders, as suggested by a study published in the Harvard Review of Psychiatry in 2021 2.