Oral Thrush (Candidiasis): This condition is characterized by a white coating on the tongue and inside the mouth, along with red spots or patches, which can occur due to inflammation or secondary infection. It's common in individuals with poor oral hygiene, immunocompromised states, or those taking antibiotics.

Geographic Tongue: A benign condition that can cause red, inflamed patches on the tongue, giving it a "geographic" appearance. The white appearance might be due to associated conditions like oral lichen planus or leukoplakia.
Kawasaki Disease: Although more common in children, it can occur in adults. Symptoms include fever, red eyes, red mouth, and red tongue, which might appear white due to debris or secondary infection.
Vitamin Deficiencies (e.g., Vitamin B12, Iron, or Folate Deficiency): These deficiencies can lead to changes in the tongue's appearance, including redness and a white or pale coating.

AIDS or HIV Infection: Oral candidiasis and other oral manifestations can be the first signs of immunocompromised states, including HIV/AIDS. Early diagnosis is crucial for treatment and management.
Leukemia or Lymphoma: Certain types of cancer can cause changes in the oral mucosa, including white patches and red spots. A thorough examination and diagnostic workup are necessary to rule out these conditions.
Sjögren's Syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that can cause oral dryness, leading to a white tongue appearance, and other systemic symptoms.

Pemphigus Vulgaris: A rare autoimmune disease that can cause blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, including the mouth, leading to red spots and potentially a white appearance due to secondary infection or debris.
Erythema Multiforme: A skin condition that can also affect the mucous membranes, causing red, target-like lesions, which might appear as red spots on the tongue.
Lichen Planus: A chronic inflammatory condition that can affect the skin and mucous membranes, leading to white, lacy patches and red, inflamed areas in the mouth.